Rhododendrons, with their vibrant and showy flowers, are a common sight in many gardens and landscapes. However, these seemingly beautiful plants harbour a hidden danger for our avian friends. Understanding the risks that rhododendrons pose to birds is essential so we can take proactive steps to protect them.
What Makes Rhododendrons Toxic to Birds?
The primary culprit behind rhododendron poisoning is a substance called grayanotoxin. This potent toxin is present in all parts of the rhododendron plant, including the leaves, stems, flowers, and nectar. When ingested, grayanotoxin interferes with the normal functioning of sodium channels in the body, leading to severe gastrointestinal and cardiac issues.
How Birds Get Exposed
Birds can become exposed to grayanotoxins in several ways:
Ingesting plant parts: Curious birds might nibble on the leaves or flowers of rhododendrons, mistaking them for a food source.
Consuming contaminated insects: Insects that have fed on rhododendrons can pass the toxins onto birds that eat them.
Foraging near rhododendrons: Birds that feed on the ground might accidentally ingest plant parts.
Nectar: Birds, like Tui, that feed on nectar can be poisoned by the toxic nectar of rhododendrons.
Photo Credit Mandy Robertson Symptoms of Rhododendron Poisoning in Birds
The symptoms of rhododendron poisoning in birds can range from mild to severe and may appear within minutes to hours after exposure. These symptoms may include:
Lethargy and weakness: Birds may appear weak, unable to fly properly, or depressed.
Vomiting or regurgitation: Digestive upset is a common sign.
Uncoordinated movements: The toxin affects the nervous system, causing birds to stumble or have difficulty with balance.
Breathing difficulties: Birds may pant or show signs of respiratory distress.
Seizures or convulsions: In severe cases, birds can have tremors or full seizures.
Rapid heart rate: Birds may experience abnormal heart rhythms.
Death: Without intervention, severe poisoning can lead to fatal outcomes. In some cases, birds may succumb rapidly after exposure. Tui may even exhibit "screaming" as a sign of distress or pain.
What To Do If You Suspect Poisoning
If you suspect a bird has ingested parts of a rhododendron, it is important to act quickly. Follow these steps:
Remove the bird from the source: Move the bird to a safe environment away from the plant.
Contact a wildlife rehabilitator or avian vet: Seek professional advice for the best course of treatment.
Provide supportive care: Offer fluids and warmth to help stabilise the bird until professional help is found, but avoid forcing the bird to drink or eat.
Prevention is Key
The best approach to protecting birds from rhododendron poisoning is prevention. Here are some practical steps you can take:
Know the plants in your garden: If you have rhododendrons, consider replacing them with bird-safe alternatives.
Keep feeders and bird baths away from toxic plants: This will keep birds away from poisonous plants and help reduce the chances of birds accidentally ingesting the toxins.
Monitor wild bird behaviour: If you notice birds foraging around rhododendrons, minimise their exposure, such as pruning or temporarily covering the plants during the blooming season.
Provide alternative food sources: A sugar-water feeder can provide a substitute for nectar during early spring until native flowers bloom. Please ensure the feeder is cleaned regularly and remove it once bird-safe flowers are in bloom.
Photo Credit Mandy Robertson
Bird-Safe Plant Alternatives
Consider planting some non-toxic alternative shrubs in your garden to create a safer environment for birds; the Department of Conservation has an informative web page detailing plants to attract birds to your garden.
Conclusion
While rhododendrons add beauty to our gardens, it's crucial to be aware of their risks to birds. Understanding the dangers and taking preventative steps can help ensure our feathered friends remain safe and healthy. If you observe any signs of poisoning, don't hesitate to contact a wildlife rehabilitation centre or avian veterinarian. Protecting birds starts with knowledge and care; small changes can make a big difference.
Article Written by
Mandy Robertson for WReNNZ
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